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- ****************************************
- * AP endonucleases family 1 signatures *
- ****************************************
-
- DNA damaging agents such as the antitumor drugs bleomycin and neocarzinostatin
- or those that generate oxygen radicals produce a variety of lesions in DNA.
- Amongst these is base-loss which forms apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites or
- strand breaks with atypical 3'termini. DNA repair at the AP sites is initiated
- by specific endonuclease cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone. Such
- endonucleases are also generally capable of removing blocking groups from the
- 3'terminus of DNA strand breaks.
-
- AP endonucleases can be classified into two families on the basis of sequence
- similarity. What we call family 1 groups the enzymes listed below [1,2].
-
- - Escherichia coli exonuclease III (EC 3.1.11.2) (gene xthA).
- - Streptococcus pneumoniae exonuclease A (gene exoA).
- - Mammalian AP endonuclease 1 (AP1).
- - Drosophila recombination repair protein 1 (gene Rrp1).
-
- Except for Drosophila Rrp1, these enzymes are proteins of about 300 amino-acid
- residues. Rrp1 is a protein of 679 residues consisting of two domains: an
- N-terminal domain of about 370 residues, similar to no known protein, and a C-
- terminal domain of about 300 residues which belongs to the AP endonuclease
- family 1.
-
- We developed three signature patterns for this family of enzymes. The patterns
- are based on the most conserved regions; their biological significance is not
- yet known.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [AP]-D-[LIVMF](2)-x-[LIVM]-Q-E-T-K
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: D-[ST]-F-R-H-x(8)-[FYW]-[ST]-[FYW](2)
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: N-x-G-x-R-[LIVM]-D-[LIVMFY]-x-L-x-S
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Last update: December 1992 / First entry.
-
- [ 1] Robson C.N., Hickson I.D.
- Nucleic Acids Res. 19:5519-5523(1991).
- [ 2] Sander M., Lowenhaupt K., Rich A.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:6780-6784(1991).
-